Protein and Its Roles in Orthopaedics

Medically reviewed by Dr Bryan Wang ✅

Protein is the material basis of life and an important part of human tissues. It is a vital macronutrient with broad implications for human health, particularly in orthopaedics, where it plays a crucial role in tissue healing, muscle regeneration, and overall skeletal health. In this article, Dr Bryan Wang will share how protein impacts various aspects of musculoskeletal health, from injury recovery to post-surgical rehabilitation, and why it is a key focus in orthopaedic care.

Protein and Musculoskeletal Health

Orthopaedic health involves the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues that form the musculoskeletal system. Human muscles, organs, hormones, and enzymes all need protein to keep bones, skin, hair, and immune system healthy. A lack of protein in the diet can lead to weakened immunity and muscle loss, while consuming too much protein can cause a burden on the body, such as damage to the kidneys. Protein is a building block for many of these tissues, making it essential for maintaining strength, function, and recovery after injuries.

Muscle Repair and Growth
Muscles undergo constant wear and tear during daily activities, exercise, and injury. Protein provides the amino acids needed for muscle fiber repair and growth. For patients recovering from fractures or surgeries, adequate protein intake ensures optimal muscle regeneration, preventing muscle loss during periods of immobility.

Tendon and Ligament Repair
Tendons and ligaments are fibrous connective tissues composed mainly of collagen, a type of protein. Following sprains, tears, or surgeries such as ACL reconstructions, protein intake can enhance the body's ability to repair and strengthen these connective tissues.

Protein and Injury Recovery

In orthopaedics, patients often deal with conditions such as fractures, dislocations, torn ligaments, or muscle injuries. Proper nutrition, particularly sufficient protein intake, is essential for the healing process. For example:

Collagen Synthesis: Collagen is the primary protein found in connective tissues like cartilage, tendons, and bones. Following an injury or surgery, the body ramps up collagen production to repair damaged tissues. Specific amino acids, such as glycine and proline, found in protein-rich foods, are crucial for this process.

Inflammation Control: While acute inflammation is necessary for healing, chronic inflammation can hinder recovery. Some proteins, especially those found in fish, dairy, and plant-based sources, can help modulate the inflammatory response, promoting a more efficient recovery phase.

Immune Function: Protein supports immune function, which is critical after surgery or injury. A robust immune system helps prevent infection, promotes wound healing, and enables the body to repair damaged tissues more efficiently.

Protein for Post-Surgery Rehabilitation

After orthopaedic surgery, rehabilitation is essential to regain strength, mobility, and function. Protein plays a pivotal role in this rehabilitation period.

Promoting Muscle Hypertrophy: Post-surgery rehabilitation often includes physical therapy exercises to regain muscle strength. Adequate protein intake ensures that muscle fibers can rebuild and grow stronger as patients progressively increase their activity levels.

Preventing Muscle Atrophy: Immobility following surgery can lead to muscle atrophy. Protein helps mitigate this loss, especially when paired with physical therapy and gradual mobilisation.

Enhancing Recovery Outcomes: Protein not only aids in muscle repair but also enhances overall recovery by reducing post-surgical complications, minimising inflammation, and improving wound healing.

In conclusion, protein is an important component in the management of orthopaedic health, from injury prevention to recovery after surgery. Ensuring adequate protein intake supports muscle repair, enhances bone density, and speeds up the healing of tendons and ligaments. For orthopaedic patients, particularly those recovering from injuries or surgery, the right balance of protein can make all the difference in a successful rehabilitation and return to full functionality.